We learned in the mishna: The measure that determines liability for carrying out honey is equivalent to that which is used to place on a sore caused by chafing. A tanna taught in a Tosefta: The precise measure is equivalent to that which is placed on the opening of a sore, i.e., on the wound itself. Rav Ashi raised a dilemma: Does the term on a sore mean the measure of honey spread on the opening of the entire sore; or, perhaps it means the measure spread on the primary protuberance of the sore, to the exclusion of the surrounding area upon which he does not spread honey? No resolution was found for this dilemma either. Therefore, let it stand unresolved.דְּבַשׁ כְּדֵי לִיתֵּן עַל הַכָּתִית. תָּנָא: כְּדֵי לִיתֵּן עַל פִּי כָתִית. בָּעֵי רַב אָשֵׁי: ״עַל כָּתִית״ — אַפּוּמָּא דְּכוּלַּהּ כָּתִית, אוֹ דִילְמָא אַמּוּרְשָׁא קַמָּא דְּכָתִית, לְאַפּוֹקֵי הוּדְרָנָא דְּלָא — תֵּיקוּ.

Koren Talmud Bavli (Koren Publishers)

The Koren Talmud Bavli is a groundbreaking edition of the Talmud that fuses the innovative design of Koren Publishers Jerusalem with the incomparable scholarship of Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz.

On the subject of sores, the Gemara cites a statement referring to one of the methods for healing a sore. Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: Everything that the Holy One, Blessed be He, created in His world, He did not create anything for naught. He created a snail as a remedy for a sore; He created a fly to be crushed and spread as a remedy on a wasp sting; He created a mosquito as a remedy for a snake bite; and He created the snake itself as a remedy for a skin rash; and He created a gecko as a remedy for a scorpion bite. The Gemara explains: How does one implement the remedy? He brings two geckos, one black and one white, cooks them, and spreads the resulting ointment on the affected area.אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: כׇּל מַה שֶּׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּעוֹלָמוֹ לֹא בָּרָא דָּבָר אֶחָד לְבַטָּלָה. בָּרָא שַׁבְּלוּל — לְכָתִית. בָּרָא זְבוּב — לְצִירְעָה. יַתּוּשׁ — לְנָחָשׁ. וְנָחָשׁ — לַחֲפָפִית. וּסְמָמִית — לְעַקְרָב. הֵיכִי עָבֵיד לֵיהּ — מַיְיתֵי חֲדָא אוּכָּמָא וַחֲדָא חִיוָּרָא, וְשָׁלְקִי לְהוּ וְשָׁיְיפִי לֵיהּ.

With regard to these creatures, the Gemara cites that which our Sages taught: There are five dreads, i.e., dread that the weak cast over the mighty: The dread of the mafgia, a small creature, over the lion; the dread of the mosquito over the elephant; the dread of the gecko over the scorpion; the dread of the swallow over the eagle; the dread of the kilbit, a small fish, over a whale. Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: What is the verse that alludes to these matters? As it is written: “He that causes destruction [shod] to flash upon the mighty, so that destruction comes upon the fortress” (Amos 5:9), which is interpreted as: He who lifts the downtrodden [shadud] over the mighty.תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן, חֲמִשָּׁה אֵימוֹת הֵן אֵימַת חַלָּשׁ עַל גִּבּוֹר: אֵימַת מַפְגִּיעַ עַל הָאֲרִי, אֵימַת יַתּוּשׁ עַל הַפִּיל, אֵימַת סְמָמִית עַל הָעַקְרָב, אֵימַת סְנוּנִית עַל הַנֶּשֶׁר, אֵימַת כִּילְבִּית עַל לִוְיָתָן. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: מַאי קְרָא — ״הַמַּבְלִיג שֹׁד עַל עָז״.

On the topic of the nature of the world, the Gemara relates that Rabbi Zeira found Rav Yehuda, who was standing at the entrance of his father-in-law’s house, and observed that he was in an especially cheerful mood. And Rabbi Zeira understood that were he to ask Rabbi Yehuda about anything in the entire world, he would tell him the answer. He therefore posed questions to him on a variety of topics unrelated to halakha. He asked: Why do goats walk in front of the flock and then ewes follow? He said to him: It is just as it was in the creation of the world, which at first was dark and then light followed. Goats, which are typically black, precede the ewes, which are typically white. And he asked: Why are the genitals of these ewes covered with a tail, whereas these goats are exposed? He answered: These ewes, whose wool we use to cover ourselves, are rewarded in that they are covered; and those goats, whose hair we do not use to cover ourselves, are exposed. And he asked: Why is the camel’s tail short? He answered: Because a camel eats thorns, and a long tail would become entangled in the thorns. And he asked: Why is the ox’s tail long? He answered: Because the ox lives in a swamp and must fend off mosquitoes.רַבִּי זֵירָא אַשְׁכַּח לְרַב יְהוּדָה דַּהֲוָה קָאֵי אַפִּיתְחָא דְּבֵי חֲמוּהּ, וְחַזְיֵיהּ דַּהֲוָה בְּדִיחָא דַּעְתֵּיהּ, וְאִי בָּעֵי מִינֵּיהּ כׇּל חֲלָלֵי עָלְמָא הֲוָה אָמַר לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַאי טַעְמָא עִיזֵּי מְסַגָּן בְּרֵישָׁא וַהֲדַר אִימְּרֵי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ כִּבְרִיָּיתוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, דִּבְרֵישָׁא חֲשׁוֹכָא וַהֲדַר נְהוֹרָא. מַאי טַעְמָא הָנֵי מְכַסְּיָין וְהָנֵי מְגַלְּיָין? הָנֵי דְּמִכַּסִּינַן מִינַּיְיהוּ — מְכַסְּיָין, וְהָנֵי דְּלָא מִכַּסִּינַן מִינַּיְיהוּ — מְגַלְּיָין. מַאי טַעְמָא גַּמְלָא זוּטַר גְּנוּבְתֵּיהּ? מִשּׁוּם דְּאָכֵל כִּיסֵי. מַאי טַעְמָא תּוֹרָא אֲרִיכָא גְּנוּבְתֵּיהּ? מִשּׁוּם דְּדָיֵיר בְּאַגְמֵי, וּבָעֵי לְכַרְכּוֹשֵׁי בָּקֵי.

He continued to ask: Why is the grasshopper’s antenna soft? He answered: Because it lives in the plains among the grass, and if the antenna were hard it would break and the grasshopper would go blind. When the grasshopper loses its antenna it is unable to move, as Shmuel said: One who seeks to blind a grasshopper should remove its antenna. And he asked: Why does the chicken’s lower eyelid cover the upper one? He answered: Because a chicken lives on rafters in houses, and if the smoke from the houses were to enter its eyes without the protection of the eyelid, it would go blind. He asked further: Why is a door called dasha in Aramaic? He said to him: It is an acronym for derekh sham, which means through there. Why is a stair called darga? He said to him: It is an acronym for derekh gag, which means the way to the roof. Why are spices called mitkolita? He said to him: It is an acronym for matai tikhleh da, which means when will this be finished. Since spices are used sparingly, they last a long time. Why is a house called beita? He said to him: It is an acronym for bo ve’eitiv ba, which means come and I will sit in it. Why is a small house called bikta? He said to him: It is an acronym for bei akta, which means a narrow house.מַאי טַעְמָא קַרְנָא דְקַמְצָא רַכִּיכָא? מִשּׁוּם דְּדָיְירָא בְּחִילְפֵי, וְאִי קַשְׁיָא — נָדְיָא וּמִתְעַוְּורָא. דְּאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הַאי מַאן דְּבָעֵי דְּלִיסַמְּיֵהּ לְקַמְצָא — לִשְׁלְפִינְהוּ לְקַרְנֵיהּ. מַאי טַעְמָא הַאי תִּימְרָא דְתַרְנְגוֹלְתָּא מִדְּלֵי לְעֵילָּא? דְּדָיְירִי אַדַּפֵּי, וְאִי עָיֵיל קֻטְרָא — מִתְעַוְּורָא. ״דַּשָּׁא״ — דֶּרֶךְ שָׁם. ״דַּרְגָּא״ — דֶּרֶךְ גַּג. ״מַתְכּוּלִיתָא״ — מָתַי תִּכְלֶה דָּא. ״בֵּיתָא״ — בֹּא וְאִיתֵּיב (בַּהּ). ״בִּיקְתָּא״ — בֵּי עָקְתָא.

A barrel is called kufta, which is an acronym for kuf vetiv, which means turn it over and sit. Bricks are called livnei, which is an allusion to livnei benei, which means for the children of children. A fence made of thorns is called hutza and Rav Yehuda said that it is merely a ḥatzitza, which means partition, as opposed to a true fence. A jug used for drawing water is called a ḥatzba because it hews [ḥotzev] water from the river. A small jug is called kuza, alluding to kazeh, which means: Give me one like that. Myrtle branches with which people dance at a wedding are called shutita, an allusion to shetuta, which means madness, as the frenzied dancing appears to be madness. The large vessel used for washing is called meshikhla, which is an acronym for mashei kula, which means: It washes all. A small vessel used for washing is called mashkhilta, and Rav Yehuda explained that it is an acronym for mashya kalta, which means: It washes the bride. A mortar is called asita, alluding to ḥasirta, which means lacking, since it has a large cavity. The pestle that is inserted into the mortar for pounding its contents is called bukhna, which is an acronym for bo ve’akkena, which means: Come and I will strike it.״כּוּפְתָּא״ — כּוּף וְתִיב. ״לִבְנֵי״ — לִבְנֵי בְּנֵי. ״הוּצָא״ — חֲצִיצָה. ״חַצְבָּא״ — שֶׁחוֹצֵב מַיִם מִן הַנָּהָר. ״כּוּזָה״ — כָּזֶה. ״שׁוּטִיתָא״ — שְׁטוּתָא. ״מְשִׁיכְלָא״ — מָאשֵׁי כּוֹלָּא. ״מְשִׁיכְלְתָא״ — מָשְׁיָא כַּלְּתָא. ״אֲסִיתָא״ — חַסִּירְתָּא. ״בּוּכְנָה״ — בּוֹא וְאַכֶּנָּה.

An outer garment is called levusha, which is an acronym for lo busha, which means no shame, as one who is clothed is no longer ashamed. A broad outer garment is called gelima, an allusion to the fact that, by wearing it, one is transformed into an amorphous golem-like figure, as his limbs are indistinguishable. A beautiful coat is termed golta, which is an acronym for geli ve’eitiv, which means reveal, remove the coat, and only then I will sit, so that the coat will not get dirty. A bed is called purya, an allusion to the fact that people parin veravin, which means procreate, upon it. An empty pit is called bor zinka, which is an acronym for bor ze naki, which means that this pit is empty of water. The head covering of Torah scholars is called sudara, an acronym for sod yareh, which is a reference to the verse: “The counsel of the Lord is with them who fear Him [sod Hashem lire’av]” (Psalms 25:14). A palace is called apadna, which is an acronym for apitḥa dein, meaning: To this entrance all come. The Gemara cites an additional baraita related to the nature of the creatures. There are three creatures that grow mightier with age, and they are the fish, and the snake, and the pig.״לְבוּשָׁה״ — לֹא בּוּשָׁה. ״גְּלִימָא״ — שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה בּוֹ כְּגֹלֶם. ״גּוּלְּתָא״ — גַּלִּי וְאִיתֵּיב. ״פּוּרְיָא״ — שֶׁפָּרִין וְרָבִין עָלֶיהָ. ״בּוֹר זִינְקָא״ — בּוֹר זֶה נָקִי. ״סוּדָרָא״ — סוֹד ה׳ לִירֵאָיו. ״אַפַּדְנָא״ — אַפִּיתְחָא דֵּין. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: שְׁלֹשָׁה כׇּל זְמַן שֶׁמַּזְקִינִין מוֹסִיפִין גְּבוּרָה, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: דָּג, וְנָחָשׁ, וַחֲזִיר.